https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/resources/September%2520Investor%2520Presentation.pdf
You are advised to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our reports on Form 10-Q, 8-K and 10-K that we provide to
the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Binder
• PET, Polyester, Kevlar yarns coated with Swellcoat
(absorbs and blocks water)
2 3 4
7
6
8
9.
Buffer thread (inside tubes)
• PET, Polyester, Kevlar yarns
coated with Swellcoat (absorbs
and blocks water)
8.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2023-10/2023 Hammerhead Application _ Install Guide.pdf
Stringers
Bulkheads,
Decking and
Transoms
Doors and
Cabinetry
Ceilings
and Hatches
MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE
Superior strength-to-weight ratio
PROPERTY TEST
METHOD
PANEL THICKNESS
.50" .75" 1.00"
13 mm 19 mm 25 mm
Core Density* ISO 845
7 lb/ft3 7 lb/ft3 7 lb/ft3
115 kg/m3 115 kg/m3 115 kg/m3
Flexural Rigidity ASTM D7249
35,000 lb/in2
10.3 kg/m2
75,000 lb/in2
21.9 kg/m2
118,000 lb/in2
34.5 kg/m2
Areal Weight Calculated
0.89 lb/ft2
4.3 kg/m2
1.03 lb/ft2
5.0 kg/m2
1.17 lb/ft2
5.7 kg/m2
Core Shear Yield ASTM C393
101 psi
0.70 MPa
96 psi
0.66 MPa
88 psi
0.61 MPa
Max Load ASTM C393
357.5 lbs
162.2 kg
513.4 lbs
232.9 kg
551.1 lbs
250.0 kg
Core Shear ULT ASTM C393
113 psi
0.78 MPa
109 psi
0.75 MPa
94 psi
0.65 MPa
Face Bend Stress ASTM C393
9,008 psi
62.11 MPa
8,725 psi
60.16 MPa
7,542 psi
52.00 MPa
USES &
APPLICATIONS
* Additional core density panels are available in 5 lb/ft3 (80 kg/m3) and 8 lb/ft3 (135 kg/m3).
GL
AS
S/
EP
OX
Y
TA
B
M
AT
ER
IA
L
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T
AB
BREAK
Hammerhead with
5 lb/ft3 (80 kg/m3)
420 lbs
191 kg
Hammerhead with
7 lb/ft3 (115 kg/m3)
2 in
370 lbs
168 kg
Hammerhead with
8 lb/ft3 (135 kg/m3)
332 lbs
151 kg
984 lbs
446 kg
Glass/Polyester
with Balsa Core
1298 lbs
589 kg
Hammerhead with
5 lb/ft3 (80 kg/m3)
Core Density -
ITW Plexus
MA420 Adhesive
NA 501 lbs
227 kg
Hammerhead with
7 lb/ft3 (115 kg/m3)
Core Density -
ITW Plexus MA420
Adhesive
NA 839 lbs
381 kg
Hammerhead with
8 lb/ft3 (135 kg/m3)
Core Density -
ITW Plexus
MA420 Adhesive
NA 1156 lbs
524 kg
Hammerhead with
8 lb/ft3 (135 kg/m3)
Core Density -
Crestomer
1152PA Adhesive
NA 1530 lbs
694 kg
Hammerhead with
8 lb/in3 (135 kg/m3)
Core Density -
Crestomer
M1-30 Adhesive
NA 1471 lbs
667 kg
Mixed Conditions
ADHESIVE
DESCRIPTION
ADHESIVE
GRADE MANUFACTURER
AVERAGE
BOND
STANDARD
DEVIATION
FAILURE
MODE
BEST ADHESION
2k Urethane 75421 Lord 2281 psi
15.73 MPa
184 psi
1.27 MPa
Substrate
Cohesive
2k Acrylic SA1-705 GRY1 AccraLock 2211 psi
15.24 MPa
78 psi
0.54 MPa Substrate
2k Acrylic Plexus MA420 ITW 2171 psi
14.97 MPa
262 psi
1.81 MPa Substrate
2k Acrylic SA10-05 Blk1 AccraLock 2102 psi
14.49 MPa
138 psi
0.95 MPa Substrate
2k Urethane 75451 Lord 2047 psi
14.11 MPa
68 psi
0.47 MPa Cohesive
2k Acrylic SA1-705 GRY 1:2 AccraLock 1966 psi
13.56 MPa
68 psi
0.47 MPa Substrate
2k Acrylic Scotchweld 8010 3M 1907 psi
13.15 MPa
61 psi
0.42 MPa Adhesive
Cyanoacrylate Gorilla Glue Gorilla Glue 1885 psi
13.00 MPa
432 psi
2.98 MPa Cohesive
2k Acrylic Crestabond PP-04 Scott Bader 1873 psi
12.91 MPa
281 psi
1.94 MPa Substrate
2k Acrylic SA10-05 Blk 10:2 AccraLock 1779 psi
12.27 MPa
127 psi
0.88 MPa Cohesive
2k Urethane 75422 Lord 1716 psi
11.83 MPa
190 psi
1.31 MPa
Cohesive
Adhesive
2k Urethane 75452 Lord 1535 psi
10.58 MPa
98 psi
0.68 MPa Adhesive
2k Methacrylate Polyfuse Icon
Containment
1610 psi
11.10 MPa
98 psi
0.68 MPa Adhesive
INTERMEDIATE ADHESION
2k Acrylic FA10-05 Blk
C010817 AccraLock 724 psi
4.99 MPa
58 psi
0.40 MPa Cohesive
2k Acrylic FA10-05 Blk1 AccraLock 722 psi
4.98 MPa
44 psi
0.30 MPa Cohesive
2k Epoxy Loctite Epoxy
Instant Mix Loctite 508 psi
3.50 MPa
81 psi
0.56 MPa Adhesive
2k Epoxy Gorilla Glue Epoxy Gorilla Glue 341 psi
2.35 MPa
198 psi
1.37 MPa Adhesive
NOT RECOMMENDED
2k Epoxy Loctite Epoxy
Marine Loctite 0 0 No bond
ADHESIVE SELECTION
Brands identified are owned by the manufacturers of the adhesive products.
1 surface sanded with 220 grit scuff prep 2 surface primed with 459T
FASTENER TYPE BENEFITS CONSIDERATIONS
Through-Bolting Best mechanical
locking system
Need back side
access to panel
Screw-In Anchor Highest pullout
strength Requires pilot hole
Cup Washer Spreads
compressive load
Requires relief hole;
For substructure and
hard point attachment
Wide Grip
(Bulb-Style)
Rivet
Ease of use—no
installation torque
limitations
For lower
load attachments
Sheet Metal or
Wood Screw
Readily available,
low cost
Penetrate both skins
for improved pullout
Shoulder Washer Limits
compressive load
Requires relief hole;
For substructure and
hard point attachment
For more information on installation, adhesives, and fasteners
for specific applications, please contact Avient.
https://www.avient.com/resources/safety-data-sheets?page=6730
DARK GREY
LIGHT GREY
PP FR 8-6 LMS-1000
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2023-12/Polystrand Thermoplastic Composite Panel Application _ Install Guide.pdf
USES & APPLICATIONS
FOAM CORE PANELS
5 lb/ft3 8 lb/ft3
80 kg/m3 130 kg/m3
Panel Thickness
0.5 inch 0.75 inch 1.0 inch 0.5 inch 0.75 inch 1.0 inch
13mm 19mm 25mm 13mm 19mm 25mm
Facesheet Configuration 5848 Quad-Ply 5848 Quad-Ply
Property Test Method Unit
Areal
Weight Calculated lb/ft2
kg/m2
0.83
4.05
0.93
4.54
1.04
5.08
0.96
4.69
1.13
5.52
1.31
6.40
Flexural
Strength
ASTM
104
0.72
112
0.77
102
0.70
168
1.16
171
1.18
172
1.19
Flexural
Modulus
ASTM
834,000
5,750
605,000
4,171
375,000
2,586
889,000
6,129
672,000
4,633
481,000
3,316
Flexural
Rigidity
ASTM
lb*in2
kN*mm2
33,000
95,000
64,000
183,000
100,000
286,000
42,000
120,000
71,000
203,000
126,000
361,000
TRUCK & RV
• Ceilings
• Cabinetry
• Load floors
• Sidewalls
• Aerodynamic
components
BUILDING &
CONSTRUCTION
• Modular panels for
temporary structures
• Garage & industrial
doors
• Walls & flooring
RAIL
• Doors
• Flooring
• Interior panels
MARINE
• Stringers
• Bulkheads
• Ceilings & decking
• Doors & cabinetry
HONEYCOMB CORE PANELS
5 lb/ft3
80 kg/m3
Panel Thickness
0.5 inch 1.0 inch
13mm 25mm
Facesheet Configuration 6536 X-Ply 6536 Tri-Ply 6536 X-Ply 6536 Tri-Ply
Property Test Method Unit
Areal
Weight Calculated lb/ft2
kg/m2
0.49
2.39
0.63
3.08
0.63
3.08
0.8
3.91
Flexural
Strength
ASTM
33
0.23
82
0.57
46
0.32
97
0.67
Flexural
Modulus
ASTM
418,000
2,882
693,000
4,778
265,000
1,827
368,000
2,537
Flexural
Rigidity
ASTM
lb*in2
kN*mm2
15,000
43,000
27,000
77,000
41,000
117,000
75,000
215,000
SUPPORT SPAN DEFLECTION
Meets performance required for marine applications
Predictive deflection in various load cases.
Example: Deflection for 24 inch panel = Chart value *[12 / 24]
Performance Comparison
Hammerhead Panels and Marine Plywood
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
∠Θ°
CUTTING & DRILLING
Recommended blade: Industrial fine cut-off saw blade, 10" x 80 teeth 38° ATB grind with 5/8" bore,
PTFE coating
Recommended router bits: 3/8" diameter, 4 flute TiAlN (titanium aluminum nitride) coated carbide bit
PANEL SHAPING
• Determine bend angle
• Cut relief
• Heat core to softening point
• Bend, hold, and cool
• Glue joint for added strength
FINISHING
Gel coat finish is possible with minimal surface preparation.
GL
AS
S/
EP
OX
Y
TA
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M
AT
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IA
L
N
O
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AB
BREAK
Hammerhead with
5 lb/ft3 (80 kg/m3)
420 lbs
191 kg
Hammerhead with
7 lb/ft3 (115 kg/m3)
2 in
370 lbs
168 kg
Hammerhead with
8 lb/ft3 (135 kg/m3)
332 lbs
151 kg
984 lbs
446 kg
Glass/Polyester
with Balsa Core
1298 lbs
589 kg
Hammerhead with
5 lb/ft3 (80 kg/m3)
Core Density -
ITW Plexus
MA420 Adhesive
NA 501 lbs
227 kg
Hammerhead with
7 lb/ft3 (115 kg/m3)
Core Density -
ITW Plexus MA420
Adhesive
NA 839 lbs
381 kg
Hammerhead with
8 lb/ft3 (135 kg/m3)
Core Density -
ITW Plexus
MA420 Adhesive
NA 1156 lbs
524 kg
Hammerhead with
8 lb/ft3 (135 kg/m3)
Core Density -
Crestomer
1152PA Adhesive
NA 1530 lbs
694 kg
Hammerhead with
8 lb/in3 (135 kg/m3)
Core Density -
Crestomer
M1-30 Adhesive
NA 1471 lbs
667 kg
Mixed Conditions
ADHESIVE
DESCRIPTION
ADHESIVE
GRADE MANUFACTURER
AVERAGE
BOND
STANDARD
DEVIATION
FAILURE
MODE
BEST ADHESION
2k Urethane 75421 LORD 2281 psi
15.73 MPa
184 psi
1.27 MPa
Substrate
Cohesive
2k Acrylic SA1-705 GRY1 ACRALOCK 2211 psi
15.24 MPa
78 psi
0.54 MPa Substrate
2k Acrylic Plexus MA420 ITW 2171 psi
14.97 MPa
262 psi
1.81 MPa Substrate
2k Acrylic SA10-05 Blk1 ACRALOCK 2102 psi
14.49 MPa
138 psi
0.95 MPa Substrate
2k Urethane 75451 LORD 2047 psi
14.11 MPa
68 psi
0.47 MPa Cohesive
2k Acrylic SA1-705 GRY 1:1 ACRALOCK 1966 psi
13.56 MPa
68 psi
0.47 MPa Substrate
2k Acrylic Scotch-Weld 8010 3M 1907 psi
13.15 MPa
61 psi
0.42 MPa Adhesive
Cyanoacrylate Gorilla Glue Gorilla Glue 1885 psi
13.00 MPa
432 psi
2.98 MPa Cohesive
2k Acrylic Crestabond PP-04 Scott Bader 1873 psi
12.91 MPa
281 psi
1.94 MPa Substrate
2k Acrylic SA10-05 Blk 10:1 ACRALOCK 1779 psi
12.27 MPa
127 psi
0.88 MPa Cohesive
2k Urethane 75422 LORD 1716 psi
11.83 MPa
190 psi
1.31 MPa
Cohesive
Adhesive
2k Urethane 75452 LORD 1535 psi
10.58 MPa
98 psi
0.68 MPa Adhesive
2k Methacrylate PolyFuse Icon
Containment
1610 psi
11.10 MPa
98 psi
0.68 MPa Adhesive
INTERMEDIATE ADHESION
2k Acrylic FA10-05 Blk
C010817 ACRALOCK 724 psi
4.99 MPa
58 psi
0.40 MPa Cohesive
2k Acrylic FA10-05 Blk1 ACRALOCK 722 psi
4.98 MPa
44 psi
0.30 MPa Cohesive
2k Epoxy Loctite Epoxy
Instant Mix Loctite 508 psi
3.50 MPa
81 psi
0.56 MPa Adhesive
2k Epoxy Gorilla Epoxy Gorilla Glue 341 psi
2.35 MPa
198 psi
1.37 MPa Adhesive
NOT RECOMMENDED
2k Epoxy Loctite Epoxy
Marine Loctite 0 0 No bond
ADHESIVE SELECTION
Brand names of the adhesives are owned by the respective manufacturers.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2021-03/avient-march-ir-fermium_0.pdf
You are advised to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our reports on Form 10-Q, 8-K and 10-K that we provide to the Securities and Exchange Commission.
These investments also
consider our global footprint, and we are positioned very well and
strategically from a regional perspective.
8
Growth Drivers
2020
Revenue
($ Millions)
Long-Term
Growth Rate
Sustainable Solutions $ 560 8–12%
Healthcare 555 8–10%
Composites / 5G 212 10%
Growth in Emerging Regions 672 5%
Other (GDP growth) 1,784 2–3%
Pro Forma Avient $ 3,783 6.5%
2020 PE RF O RM AN CE
2020 HIGHLIGHTS
10
• Completed transformational Clariant Masterbatch acquisition and created new
brand name Avient
• Increased pro forma adjusted EPS 11% from $1.74 to $1.93 as an essential supplier
during the pandemic and due to growth in demand for consumer applications
• Specialty Engineered Materials delivered record operating income on gains from
composites
• Achieved record free cash flow, increased dividend for 10th year in a row and
delevered from 3.5x to 2.7x net debt to pro forma adjusted EBITDA
• Culture is everything: Certified as a Great Place to Work®
$133
$150
2019PF 2020PF
23%8%
21%
2006 2020PF
Avient Portfolio Transformation
22%
59%
CLARIANT MASTERBATCH:
TRANSFORMATIONAL ACQUISITION
11
Clariant MB EBITDA Growth
Purchase Price Multiple
10.8
9.6
6.5
2019PF 2020PF 2020PF w/ Full
Synergies
• Acquisition of Clariant Masterbatch
significantly expands presence in
healthcare, packaging and consumer end
markets
• Strength of portfolio – 13% EBITDA growth
as an essential supplier in COVID response
and recovery
• Acquisition completed on July 1, 2020 for
$1.4 billion.
Whether
an additional line at an existing
manufacturing plant, or a new
facility in a growing region, we
ramp-up quickly and cost-efficiently.
24
Capex / Revenue
2021E (%)
AVIENT IS ASSET LIGHT
Avient Specialty
Other
2
3 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5
7 7 8
23
t
(E
xc
l.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2023-02/AVNT Q4 2022 Earnings Presentation.pdf
$600 $592
$3.02 $3.04
FULL YEAR 2022 PERFORMANCE
(TOTAL COMPANY PRO FORMA)
15
Sales Adjusted EBITDA
$3,712 $3,653
-2%
Adjusted EPS
-1% + 1%
(in millions) (in millions)
(+4% excluding FX) (+5% excluding FX) (+9% excluding FX)
FULL YEAR 2022 SEGMENT PERFORMANCE
16
CAI
$2,402 $2,355
$409 $402
SEM Pro Forma
$1,308 $1,300
$278 $272
(+4% excluding FX)
- 2% -1%
(+5% excluding FX)
- 2%
(+4% excluding FX)
- 2%
(+2% excluding FX)
PRO FORMA FULL YEAR EPS BRIDGE
17
Pro Forma 2021 Adjusted EPS 3.02$
Foreign Currency (0.23)
Russia Import Sales (0.07)
Outdoor High Performance (0.13)
Color, Additives and Inks 0.18
Specialty Engineered Materials 0.24
Corporate Costs / Other 0.03
Pro Forma 2022 Adjusted EPS 3.04$
FULL YEAR EBITDA BRIDGE
(PRO FORMA TOTAL COMPANY)
18
$ millions
CAI:
Price / Mix 247
Inflation (176)
SEM:
Price / Mix 121
Inflation (77)
Net Price Benefit 115
Wage and Energy Inflation (47)
Clariant Color Integration Synergies 23
Incentives, Other Employee Costs 43
FX (34)
Full Year 2022 $592
Adjusted
Full Year 2021 $ 600
Demand (99)
Russia Import Sales (9) • Demand primarily impacted
by China lockdowns, 4th
quarter industrywide
destocking and declining
consumer sentiment
• Pricing outpaced inflation of
raw materials, wages and
energy
2023 G U IDA N CE
$125
$530
$0.55
$2.40
2023 GUIDANCE
20
Sales Adjusted EBITDA
$845
$3,450
Adjusted EPS
(in millions) (in millions)
CASH FLOW / BALANCE SHEET
21
• IT investment to further
integrate acquired
businesses and capture
operational efficiencies
• Restructuring actions to
streamline operations and
improve profitability, primarily
in Europe
($ millions) 2023E
Cash Flow from Operating Activities 350$
Less:
Run-Rate CapEx (110)
CapEx for IT System Upgrade (25)
CapEx for Restructuring (15)
Total CapEx (150)
Free Cash Flow 200$
Adjusted EBITDA 530$
Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA 2.9x
K E Y G R O W T H D R I V E R S
A N D T R A N S F O R M E D
P O R T F O L I O
GROWTH DRIVERS: PROVEN SUCCESS
23 (1) Pro forma for the acquisition of Avient Protective Materials (APM)
COMPOSITES
$51
$84
$212
$668
HEALTHCARE
$108 $113
$231
$293
8-10%
ASIA/EMERGING REGIONS
$265
$358
$726
$830
12%
$340
$455
$790
$1,175
SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS
8-12%
(1) (1)(1)
(Sales in $ millions)
#1 Color Formulator
Dyneema® - World’s Strongest
Fiber™
#1 in Composites applications
for outdoor high performance
#1 in Performance Inks
Customized solutions
140+ PhDs on staff
Rapid development of
innovative products
Extensive patent (2,500+)
portfolio
33% Vitality Index
Better-positioned toward stable,
high-growth end markets
Consumer, packaging,
healthcare and defense comprise
nearly 60% of sales
Agnostic to raw materials,
helping all customers achieve their
goals
Broad portfolio of diversified
sustainable solutions
90%+ of our innovation pipeline
invested in sustainable solutions
Long-term growth rate well
above GDP with expectations of
8-12%
LEVERAGING OUR TRANSFORMED PORTFOLIO
24
Building &
4% Telecom.
2022 PF
$3.65B
sales
Leading Positions Sustainable SolutionsDiversified IndustriesSpecialty Formulator
(1) 2022 Pro forma for the acquisition of Avient Protective Materials
(2) 2020 Pro forma for the acquisition of Clariant Color
(1)(2)
$340M
$455M
$790M
2016 2018 2020PF 2022PF
$1,175M
P EE R C O M PAR IS O N S
AVIENT IS ASSET LIGHT
Capex / Revenue
2023E (%)
Avient Specialty
Other Specialty /
Note: Avient reflects 2023 estimated revenue of $3,450 and estimated run-rate CAPEX of $110M.
27
2
4 4
5 5 5
6
7 7
FREE CASH FLOW CONVERSION
Note: Free cash flow conversion calculated as (Adjusted EBITDA – Capex) / Adjusted EBITDA.
Avient 2011 and 2018 valuations reflect trailing 12 months EBITDA at December 31 of the respective years.
29
EV / 2023E EBITDA
Historic Multiple
6.5
8.3
10.0
15.6
13.9 13.7
12.8
9.5
18.0 17.5
12.3
10.2 9.7
8.8 8.4
5.9
(2
01
1)
(2
01
8)
SEGMENT DATA
U.S. & Canada
40%
37%
18%
Latin America
2022 PRO FORMA SEGMENT, END MARKET AND GEOGRAPHY
GEOGRAPHY REVENUESEGMENT FINANCIALS
Building and
END MARKET REVENUE
(1) Total company adjusted EBITDA of $592M includes corporate costs
$2,355M $402M
$1,300M $272M
Sales EBITDA
Specialty Engineered Materials
Color Additives and Inks
$592M$3,653M
31
C O L O R , A D D I T I V E S & I N K S
2022 REVENUE | $2 .4 B ILL ION
US & Canada
34%
38%
Latin America
END MARKET REGION
32
34%
21%
Building &
1% Energy
2%
S P E C I A LT Y E N G I N E E R E D M AT E R I A L S
2022 PRO FORMA REVENUE | $1 .3 B ILL ION
END MARKET
US & Canada
52%
35%
REGION
33
19%
8%Industrial
16%
Building &
32%
27%
14%
Building &
3%
1% Defense
1%
(18% of sales)
2022 PROFORMA AVIENT REGIONAL SALES
BY END MARKET
27%
14%
17%
Building &
(37% of sales)Transportation
12%
Building &
US &
Canada
(40% of sales)
7%
56%
23%
7%
Building &
1%
LATAM
(5% of sales)
3%
34
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except for per share data)
Senior management uses comparisons of adjusted net income from continuing operations attributable to Avient shareholders
and diluted adjusted earnings per share (EPS) from continuing operations attributable to Avient shareholders, excluding special
items, to assess performance and facilitate comparability of results.
Free Cash Flow Calculation
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Cash provided by operating activities 208.4 227.2 221.3 202.4 253.7 300.8 221.6 233.8 398.4
Capital expenditures (92.8) (91.2) (84.2) (79.6) (76.0) (81.7) (63.7) (100.6) (105.5)
Payment of post-acquisition date
earnout liability — — — — — — 38.1 — —
Taxes paid on gain on divestiture — — — — — — — 142.0 — —
Adjusted Free Cash Flow $ 115.6 $ 136.0 $ — $ 137.1 $ 122.8 $ 177.7 $ 219.1 $ 338.0 $ 133.2 $ 292.9
Three Months Ended
Year Ended
2022 2021 2022 2021
Sales:
Color, Additives and Inks $ 490.8 $ 581.3 $ 2,355.0 $ 2,401.6
Specialty Engineered Materials 300.8 226.3 1,044.4 911.6
Corporate (1.2) (0.5) (2.5) 2.3
Sales $ 790.4 $ 807.1 $ 3,396.9 $ 3,315.5
Operating income:
Color, Additives and Inks $ 44.3 $ 61.2 $ 301.0 $ 303.1
Specialty Engineered Materials 35.2 27.1 140.1 125.5
Corporate (79.1) (38.1) (197.8) (148.9)
Operating income $ 0.4 $ 50.2 $ 243.3 $ 279.7
Other expense, net: $ (28.4) $ (5.3) $ (59.7) $ (1.0)
Depreciation & amortization:
Color, Additives and Inks $ 25.2 $ 26.5 $ 101.3 $ 105.7
Specialty Engineered Materials 20.3 7.9 48.7 31.7
Corporate 3.2 3.6 12.5 7.7
Depreciation & Amortization $ 48.7 $ 38.0 $ 162.5 $ 145.1
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA):
Color, Additives and Inks $ 69.5 $ 87.7 $ 402.3 $ 408.8
Specialty Engineered Materials 55.5 35.0 188.8 157.2
Corporate (76.0) (34.5) (185.3) (141.2)
Other expense, net $ (28.4) $ (5.3) $ (59.7) $ (1.0)
EBITDA $ 20.6 $ 82.9 $ 346.1 $ 423.8
Special items in EBITDA 86.8 18.9 162.5 55.4
EBITDA - excluding special items $ 107.4 $ 101.8 $ 508.6 $ 479.2
APM pro forma adjustments - 2021 — 30.4 — 120.5
APM pro forma adjustments - 8 months 2022* — — 83.1 —
Pro forma EBITDA $ 107.4 $ 132.2 $ 591.7 $ 599.7
Year Ended
December 31,
Reconciliation of Pro Forma Sales and EBITDA - SEM 2022 2021
Specialty Engineered Materials $ 1,044.4 $ 911.6
APM pro forma adjustments - 2021 — 396.5
APM pro forma adjustments - 8 months 2022* 256.1 —
Pro forma sales $ 1,300.5 $ 1,308.1
Specialty Engineered Materials $ 188.8 $ 157.2
APM pro forma adjustments - 2021 — 120.5
APM pro forma adjustments - 8 months 2022* 83.1 —
Pro forma EBITDA $ 272.0 $ 277.8
Year Ended
December 31,
Reconciliation of Pro Forma Sales - Avient 2022 2021
Sales $ 3,396.9 $ 3,315.5
APM pro forma adjustments - 2021 — 396.5
APM pro forma adjustments - 8 months 2022* 256.1 —
Pro forma sales $ 3,653.0 $ 3,712.0
5
AVNT Q4 2022 Earnings Presentation 2.17.pdf
AVNT Q4 2022 Earnings Presentation.pdf
IR Recs - 2.14 454pm
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/resources/Investor%2520Day%2520-%2520May%25202012%2520-%2520Welcome%2520and%2520Introduction.pdf
Hanna
consolidate
• Cultures clash –
commodity wins
• Dependent on
income derived from
commodity joint
ventures
The First 6 Years
• Globally organized along
three strategic platforms
• Non-core equity
investment dispositions
• Talent upgrades, discipline
instilled throughout
organization
• New CEO hired to
transform POL into
specialty business
�18 of 20 officers new
• Implemented four
pillar strategy
• Nearly 50% of
The Second 6 Years
History of PolyOne – A Transformation
• Focused on increasing
volume, not profits
• Heavily tied to cyclical
markets
2000 2006 2012
The FormationThe Formation
The TransformationThe Transformation
The New PolyOneThe New PolyOne
organization
• Demonstrated ability
to deliver
• Nearly 50% of
business operating
income derived from
Specialty Platform*
• Specialty assets
acquired
*Pro forma for ColorMatrix acquisition
Page 8
30%
50%
70%
90%
$10
$12
$14
$16
$18
PolyOnePolyOne
Stock Price
S&P 500 (relative performance)
Strategy and Execution Drive Results
| | | |
-50%
-30%
-10%
10%
30%
$0
$2
$4
$6
$8
$10
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Page 9
Four Pillar Strategy
The World’s Premier Provider of Specialized
Polymer Materials, Services & Solutions
Page 10
60%
80%
100%
%
o
f
O
p
ra
ti
g
I
co
m
*
Old
PolyOne
Transformation
2012
Target
“What We Said”
Mix Shift Highlights Specialty Transformation
Ahead of Schedule
*Operating Income excludes Corporate Charges
** Pro Forma for the acquisition of ColorMatrix and divestiture of SunBelt
2%
34%
42%
50% >50%
0%
20%
40%
2005 2008 2011 2011** 2012
%
o
f
O
p
ra
ti
g
I
co
m
*
JV's PP&S Distribution Specialty
Specialty OI $5M $46M $89M $117M “What We Said”
Page 11
2007 2012 Target 2011
“Where we were” “What we said” “Where we are”
1) Operating Income %
Specialty 3.2% 10% - 12% 8.9%
PP&S 6.1% 8% - 10% 7.2%
Pro forma ColorMatrix
Proof of Performance
Distribution 3.0% 4% - 5% 5.6%
2) Specialty Platform
sss% of Operating Income
20% >50% 50%
3) Specialty Vitality
Index
21% 35% - 40% 49%
4) ROIC* (pre-tax) 11% >15% 16%
5) Sales outside the US 37% >40% 40%
*ROIC is defined as TTM adjusted OI divided by the sum of average debt and equity over a 5 quarter period
Page 12
2011
Pro forma ColorMatrix
2015 Target
“Where we are” “Where we expect to be”
1) Operating Income %
Specialty 8.9%
PP&S 7.2%
12 – 16%
9 – 12%
Elevating our Expectations and Yours
PP&S 7.2%
Distribution 5.6%
2) Specialty Platform
% of Operating Income
50%
3) ROIC* (after-tax) 10%
4) Adjusted Annual
EPS Growth
3 yr CAGR = 71%
9 – 12%
6 – 7.5%
65 – 75%
15%
Double Digit Expansion
*ROIC is defined as TTM adjusted OI divided by the sum of average debt and equity over a 5 quarter period
Page 13
• Four pillar strategy, coupled with our ability to
execute is driving results
• Strong leadership team driving growth & executing
• Innovation and services provide differentiation and
How do we get there?
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2022-10/Tossiat-IATF 16949-2016 POLYONE FRANCE SAS.pdf
and the applicable customer specific requirements
Revision:1
For Bureau Veritas Certification Holding, Le Triangle de l'Arche, 8 Cours du Triangle - 92800 Puteaux - France
None
Bureau Veritas Certification Certificate N°: FR072877- IATF
IATF Certificate N°: 442787
Date Of Expiration: 01-February-2025
Date Of Certification: 02-February-2022
PRODUCT(S) DELIVERED
colour with additive concentrates for thermoplastic resins
and speciality compounds obtained by mixing and extrusion
PERMITTED EXCLUSION(S)
SCOPE
Design and manufacturing
Bureau Veritas Certification certify that the Quality Management System of the above organisation
has been audited and found to be in accordance with the requirements of
Route de la Vavrette, 01250, TOSSIAT France
PolyOne France Tossiat
Awarded to
Certificate of Approval
REMOTE SUPPORT FUNCTION(S)
(The official document is in English.
Revision:1
For Bureau Veritas Certification Holding, Le Triangle de l'Arche, 8 Cours du Triangle - 92800 Puteaux - France
Bureau Veritas Certification Certificate N°: FR072877- IATF
IATF Certificate N°: 442787
Date Of Expiration: 01-February-2025
Date Of Certification: 02-February-2022
Route de la Vavrette, 01250, TOSSIAT France
PolyOne France Tossiat
Awarded to
Appendix to the Certificate of Approval
Name Address Scope
AVIENT
LUXEMBOURG
ROUTE DE BASTOGNE, 19, 9836,
POMMERLOCH Luxembourg
Logistic, Supplier Management,
Purchasing
PolyOne Europe
Logistics
7 rue Blériot, 4460, GRACE HOLLOGNE
Belgium
Warehousing
Polyone Europe ul.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2023-11/AVNT Q3 2023 Earnings Presentation - Website.pdf
Prior Year
8
Q3 2023 PERFORMANCE VS.
GUIDANCE
$800
$754
$128
$123
Sales Adjusted EBITDA
$0.56 $0.57
Adjusted EPS
9
• Demand impacted by destocking
and cautious customer sentiment
• Positive net price benefit:
o CAI - Pricing flat and raw
material deflation
o SEM - Pricing flat with
unfavorable mix related to
healthcare, more than offset
with raw material deflation
• Cost reductions driven by Clariant
synergies and reduced
administrative costs
Q3 EBITDA BRIDGE
($ millions)
CAI:
Price / Mix -)
Deflation 22)
SEM:
Price / Mix (6)
Deflation 13)
Net Price Benefit 29)
Cost Reductions 13)
Wage Inflation (8)
FX 1)
Q3 2023 Actual $ 123)
Adjusted
EBITDA
Q3 2022 Pro Forma $ 137)
Demand (49)
10
2023 G U I DAN CE
Q4 2023 GUIDANCE VS.
PRIOR YEAR
$790
$710
2022 2023
$107
$112
2022 2023
Sales Adjusted EBITDA
$0.42
$0.47
2022 PF 2023
Adjusted EPS
- 10% + 5% + 12%
Sales Adjusted EBITDA Adjusted EPS
12
$112
$500
$0.47
$2.30
Q4 AND FULL YEAR 2023 GUIDANCE
$710
$3,130
Sales Adjusted EBITDA Adjusted EPS
13
(in millions) (in millions)
Guidance: Free Cash Flow
$180 $180
Prior Guidance Guidance
FREE CASH FLOW & INCREASED DIVIDEND
13th Consecutive Dividend Increase
0.16
0.26
0.42
0.58
0.79
0.85
0.99
1.03
2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2024
14
S U S TAI NABI L I T Y DAY
RE CAP
SUSTAINABILITY AS A GROWTH DRIVERLONG-TERM REVENUE GROWTH DRIVERS
60%+
Key Growth
Drivers
Sustainable
Solutions
Composites, Healthcare,
Asia / LATAM
Overlap
Other
(GDP Growth)
Total Company Revenue
Growth Drivers Long-Term
Growth Rate
Sustainable Solutions 8–12%
Composites 8–10%
Healthcare 8–10%
Asia / LATAM 5%
Other (GDP growth) 0–2%
Avient 6%
17
SUSTAINABILITY TRENDS DRIVE LONG-TERM GROWTH
8-12%
Long Term
Growth
50
90
2022 2030
Medical Plastics
Market Size
(in $Billions)
2020 2030
Recycled
Plastics
Virgin
Plastics
Growing Demand
for Recycled
Content
Avient Sustainable
Solutions
18
46
2023 2032
Global Offshore Annual
Wind Installations
(in Gigawatts)
Sources: McKinsey, Bloomberg, Grand View Research
SUSTAINABILITY TRENDS DRIVE
LONG-TERM GROWTH
18
• Transformative acquisitions
combined with divestitures of
more cyclical businesses have
improved margins over 400 bps
since 2018
• 20% long-term margin goal to
be driven by key growth drivers,
with sustainable solutions
playing a meaningful role
5.4%
11.5%
16.0%
2006 2018 2023E Recovery Growth
Drivers
Strategic
Objective
20%+
+1%+
+3%+
ADJUSTED EBITDA MARGIN EXPANSION
19
• 6% annualized long-term sales growth leveraging
sustainable solutions, composites, healthcare, and
emerging regions
• Expand EBITDA margins to 20%
• Deliver annual EBITDA and EPS growth of
10% and 15%
• Maintain asset-light, 80% free cash flow conversion
profile and be valued as a specialty formulator
• Continue fostering our Great Place to Work® culture
CREATING A WORLD-CLASS
SUSTAINABLE ORGANIZATION
20
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except for per share data)
Senior management uses comparisons of adjusted net income from continuing operations attributable to Avient shareholders
and diluted adjusted earnings per share (EPS) from continuing operations attributable to Avient shareholders, excluding special
items, to assess performance and facilitate comparability of results.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/resources/Investor%2520Presentation%2520May19.pdf
Investor Day
POLYONE
I N V E S T O R
P R E S E N T A T I O N
M A Y 2 0 1 9
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
PolyOne Corporation 2
USE OF
NON-GAAP
MEASURES
PolyOne Corporation 3
V I S I O N
PolyOne Corporation 4
To be the world’s
premier provider of
specialized polymer
materials, services and
solutions
C O R E
V A L U E S
P E R S O N A L
V A L U E S
Honesty IntegrityRespect
Operational
Excellence
Commercial
Excellence
Specialization
Globalization
Collaboration ExcellenceInnovation
To be the world’s
premier provider of
specialized polymer
materials, services
and solutions
S A F E T Y F I R S T
PolyOne Corporation 5
Injuries per 100 Workers
Spartech
Acquisition
1.3
1.1 1.1
0.85
0.65
0.57
0.54
0.97
0.84
0.74 0.74
0.69
0.51
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
PolyOne Corporation 6
P O L Y O N E
2 0 1 8 R E V E N U E | $ 3 . 5 B I L L I O N
United States
57%
16%
Latin
America
Canada
Distribution
Performance Products &
Solutions 19%
Specialty
Engineered
Color
Additives &
Inks 29%
Segment End Market Geography
Building &
Construction
Electrical &
Electronics
13%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016* 2017* 2018
$2.43
P R O O F O F P E R F O R M A N C E
C O N S E C U T I V E
Y E A R S
PolyOne Corporation 7
9
$0.13
$0.68
$0.82
$1.00
$1.31
$1.80
$1.96
$2.06
$2.21
ROIC** 5.0% 14.1%
Operating Income
% of Sales
Color, Additives &
Inks
1.7% 15.1%
Specialty Engineered
Materials
1.1% 11.2%
Performance
Products
& Solutions
4.3% 10.0%
Distribution 2.6% 5.6%
A D J U S T E D E P S E X P A N S I O N
S U S T A I N A B L E P A T H T O D O U B L E - D I G I T E P S G R O W T H
PolyOne Corporation 8
P E O P L E P R O D U C T S P L A N E T P E R F O R M A N C E
Double digit
annual EPS
growth
strategic acquisitions
Innovate
600K-1M
commercial
resources 5-7%
Double acquired
Lean Six Sigma
commercial excellence
531
710
130
164
504
663
R&D / Technical Marketing Sales
PolyOne Corporation 9
Increased commercial headcount
+ 34%
+ 26%
+ 32%
I N V E S T M E N T I N COMMERCIAL RESOURCES D R I V I N G G R O W T H
Sustained revenue increases led
by organic business
$2.9 $2.9
$3.2
$3.5
2015 2016 2017 2018
Total
+ 9%
Organic
+ 5%
Revenue in billions of $
Total
+ 10%
Organic
+ 7%
Lead
Specialists
T H E E V O L V I N G C U S T O M E R R E L A T I O N S H I P
PolyOne Corporation 10
Expanded Path
Traditional Path
Strategic Accounts/
Field Sales
Business
Development
Customer
Service
Web and Social
Media
Inside Sales
PolyOne Corporation 11
Investments in digital and dedicated inside sales to
improve customer experience
110% increase in leads (from 6,000 to 12,700) driven
by website, phone, and online chat
EXPANDED PATH
A DDI N G C U S T O M E R T O U C H P O I N T S
24
Inside sellers
$11M
$109M
Inside sales/digital revenue
A L I G N I N G W I T H T R E N D S F O R G R O W T H
T R A N S P O R T A T I O N P A C K A G I N G H E A L T H C A R E C O N S U M E R
PolyOne Corporation 12
Facilitate
alternative
energy
solutions
Light-
weighting
Reduce
packaging
materials
Improve
recyclability
Reduce
spread of
infection
I N N O V A T I O N
PolyOne Corporation 13
Customization
55%
M&A
30%
Innovation
Pipeline
Innovation comes from Research & Development Spend
Vitality Index
$20
$56
Transformational
Adjacent
Core
3 H O R I Z O N S O F D E V E L O P M E N T
PolyOne Corporation 14
Market
Technical
I N N O V A T I O N
I N N O V A T I O N P I P E L I N E
PolyOne Corporation 15
PrototypeFrame
Opportunity
Scale-up & Test
Market
Build
Business Case
Commercial
Launch
(since 2017)
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5
6
11
3
2
28 0
10
7
2
Breakthrough
Platform
Derivative
F L A M E
R E T A R D A N T
P O L Y M E R S
A D V A N C E D
C O M P O S I T E S
B A R R I E R
M A T E R I A L S
C O L O R A N T
T E C H N O L O G I E S
T H E R M O P L A S T I C
E L A S T O M E R S
I N N O V A T I O N S P O T L I G H T :
C O M P O S I T E S
PolyOne Corporation 16
C O M P O S I T E S R E F R E S H E R
PolyOne Corporation 17
Fiber
Polymer
Composite
S T R A T E G I C I N V E S T M E N T H I S T O R Y
Thermoplastic Composites
Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics
Continuous Fiber Thermosets
Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics
Continuous Fiber Thermosets
2012 2015 20162009 2011 2018
PolyOne Corporation
2019
18
C O M P O S I T E S I N T R A N S P O R T A T I O N
PolyOne Corporation 19
W A T E R C R A F TR A I L H E A V Y T R U C K
F I B E R - L I N E H I G H L I G H T S
PolyOne Corporation 20
$100M
Customer
Value
Fiber-Line
Fiber Processing
Capabilities
Polymer Formulation
Capabilities
P O L Y O N E A P P L I C A T I O N S I N F I B E R O P T I C C A B L E S
PolyOne Corporation 21
F I B E R O P T I C A L G R O W T H D R I V E R S
PolyOne Corporation 22
5G Networks
10x
8x
5G vs. 4G
PolyOne Corporation 23
Safety Technology Geography Service FinancialPeople
8-10% with
ability to double
I N V E S T - T O - G R O W M & A S T R A T E G Y
PolyOne Corporation 24
Capture
sourcing
synergies
Cross-sell
& blend
technology
8-10%
operating
I N V E S T - T O - G R O W M & A P L A Y B O O K
Protect
customers
Retain
employees
Implement LSS to
drive efficiency
improvements
Innovate with
combined
portfolio
Safety
First!
Leverage
PolyOne’s
global reach
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
18-20%
operating
Invest in
commercial
resources
I N V E S T - T O - G R O W P R O O F O F P E R F O R M A N C E
PolyOne Corporation 25
Commercial
Resources
Operating
Income
($ in millions)
Operating
Margins
243
340
$36
$96
20%
Established Acquisitions
(> 7 years)
+ 40% + 165% + 900 bps
I N V E S T - T O - G R O W D R I V I N G T H E F U T U R E
PolyOne Corporation 26
Commercial
Resources
Operating
Income
($ in millions)
Operating
Margins
138
181
251
$23 $25
$70
7% 8%
18-20%
Recent Acquisitions
PolyOne Corporation 27
Average
Company Size
# of
Possibilities
Rationale
$200M
S T R O N G P I P E L I N E
D R I V E N B Y F R A G M E N T E D M A R K E T
$0
$150
$300
$450
$600
$750
$900
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
$890M
R E T U R N I N G C A S H T O S H A R E H O L D E R S
O V E R $ 1 . 2 B I L L I O N S I N C E 2 0 1 1
PolyOne Corporation
$0.16
$0.20
$0.24
$0.32
$0.40
$0.48
$0.54
$0.70
$0.78
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
3-Year Dividend Plan
Cumulative Share Repurchases Increasing Annual Dividend
28
6.3%
14.1%
16-17%
2009 2018 Updated Expectations
R O I C D R I V E S S H A R E H O L D E R R E T U R N
PolyOne Corporation 29
PolyOne Corporation 30
W H Y I N V E S T I N P O L Y O N E ?
T H E N E W P O L Y O N E : A S P E C I A L T Y G R O W T H C O M P A N Y
SERVICE:
T H E T I M E L E S S
D I F F E R E N T I A T O R
PolyOne Corporation 31
T A L E N T D E V E L O P M E N T
PolyOne Corporation 32
Leadership Program Participants
2012
2013
2015
47
86
2016
2018
125
169
315
Campus Hires
2008
2011
2017
25
90
47
PolyOne LSS Blackbelts
2008
2011
2018
67
220
147
2018 141
A U N I Q U E C U S T O M E R E X P E R I E N C E
Industrial
Design
IQ DESIGN LABS
PolyOne Corporation 33
Material
& Color
Expertise
Manufacturing
Expertise
3
14
Industrial designers
$0
$10M
$4M
$80M
Opportunity funnel New business revenue
LSS CUSTOMER FIRST
PolyOne Corporation 34
Customer Projects
2 104
3 D P R I N T I N G
B R I N G I N G N E W I D E A S T O L I F E
PolyOne Corporation 35
PolyOne Corporation 36
99.9%
up to 24 weeks
6 hours
C O L O R M A T R I X S E L E C T ™
I N N O V A T I N G W I T H P O L Y O N E
PolyOne Corporation 37
SEGMENT HIGHLIGHTS
C O L O R , A D D I T I V E S & I N K S
PolyOne Corporation 38
Solid
Colorants
Performance
Additives
Screen
Printing Inks
Liquid
Colorants
14%
Textiles
13%
Building & Construction
8%
8%
Appliances
Electrical &
Electronic 1%
Operating Income & MarginRevenue by Region
C O L O R , A D D I T I V E S & I N K S
2 0 1 8 R E V E N U E | O V ER $ 1 B I L L I O N
$4
$25
$104
$159
0.9%
5.5%
12.2%
15.1%
PolyOne Corporation 39
45%
14%
1%
Mexico
South
America
S P E C I A L T Y E N G I N E E R E D M A T E R I A L S
PolyOne Corporation 40
Engineered
Formulations
Advanced
Composites
Thermoplastic
Elastomers
21%
13%Healthcare
9%
9%
Building &
Construction 4%
Electrical &
Electronics
16%
S P E C I A L T Y E N G I N E E R E D M A T E R I A L S
Revenue by Region Operating Income & Margin
2 0 1 8 R EV EN U E | $ 6 4 6 M I L L I O N
PolyOne Corporation 41
$21
$57
$72
0.1%
5.1%
9.3%
11.2%
46%
24%
P E R F O R M A N C E P R O D U C T S & S O L U T I O N S
PolyOne Corporation 42
Specialty Vinyl
Solutions
Healthcare
Formulations
Smart Device
Flame Retardant
Polymers
Building &
16%Consumer
4%
Electrical &
4%
Asia
78%
Mexico
P E R F O R M A N C E P R O D U C T S & S O L U T I O N S
Operating Income & MarginRevenue by Region
2 0 1 8 R EV EN U E | $ 7 3 6 M I L L I O N
$40
$24
$56
$74
4.6%
3.6%
7.2%
10.0%
PolyOne Corporation 43
D I S T R I B U T I O N
EN D M A R K ET S & S U P P L I ER S
PolyOne Corporation 44
27%
22%
Electrical &
Building &
$20
$25
$63
$71
2.9%
4.0%
5.9%
5.6%
Operating Income & Margin2018 Revenue | $1.3 Billion
http://www.avient.com/Pages/VariationRoot.aspx
O V E R V I E W O F R A W M A T E R I A L P U R C H A S E S
PolyOne Corporation 45
T A R G E T E N D M A R K E T S &
A P P L I C A T I O N E X A M P L E S
PolyOne Corporation 46
Thermally Conductive
Chemical Resistant
Polymer Colorants
Elastomeric Grips and
Handles
Structural Composites
Antimicrobial Technologies
Anti-Counterfeiting
Target End Markets… Healthcare
Catheter Technologies
Under-hood Components
Target End Markets… Automotive
Interior Structural
Sound & Vibration
Management
Roof Systems
Air Management
Electronics and Cameras
Lighting
Exterior / Interior Trim
Braces & Brackets
Fasteners
Seals & Flaps
Target End Markets… Consumer
Thermally Conductive
Polymer Colorants
Elastomeric Grips and
Handles
Structural Composite
Oxygen Scavenger
Laser Marking Additives
Antistatic Technologies
UV Light Barrier Technologies
Cap & Closure Colorants
Process Optimization
Antioxidant Technologies
Density Modified
Target End Markets… Packaging
Luxury Packaging
GravitechTM Density Modified Polymers
Optimize Color Usage
OnColorTM Super Concentrates
Combat Bacteria Formation
WithStandTM Antimicrobial Technology
Medical Device Housings
Chemically Resistant Engineered Polymers
Color & Design Services
Outdoor Applications
Fiber Colorants
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures (Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Senior management uses comparisons of adjusted net income from continuing operations attributable to PolyOne shareholders and diluted adjusted earnings per share (EPS)
from continuing operations attributable to PolyOne shareholders, excluding special items, to assess performance and facilitate comparability of results.